X.509 is a standard defining the format of public key certificates. These certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS and SSL.
A certificate, in the context of cybersecurity, is a digital document that verifies the ownership of a public key by the named entity on the certificate.
A public key is one half of a key pair used in asymmetric encryption. It is publicly available and used to encrypt messages that can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key.
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